Genetic Programming In The Simulation of Frp-To-Concrete Patch-Ancho

Question: Talk about the Genetic Programming In The Simulation of Frp-To-Concrete Patch-Anchored Joints. Answer: General The title of the thesis says, Genetic programming in the recreation of frp-to-solid fix moored joints while the theoretical peruses that the paper is about the new dock quality model utilizing hereditary programming (Chowdhury Islam, 2015). Thus, this is the initial step-back for the thesis where the peruser makes certain to get confounded. For the accommodation of perusers there is a decent gracefully of headings and sub-headings which appropriately signify the motivation behind the examination and a concise thought of the substance that is to tail it. Regardless, they could have been all the more suitably utilized and furthermore ought to be made progressively pertinent and succinct (Kalfat et.al. 2016). The hypotheses and results expressed in the thesis have been appropriately upheld by utilizing bona fide realities and information and different investigates completed by prestigious analysts. All things considered, the entire thesis with a couple of exemptions can be supposed to b e a really decent one with significant focuses. Conceptual The motivation behind the examination study has been unmistakably portrayed by the writer in the abstract.The reason for the investigation isto utilize accessible exploratory information on fix secured joints to build up another dock quality model utilizing hereditary programming.Through the theoretical the perusers are getting a reasonable and brief thought regarding the thesis (Hehl, Valle Bai, 2009). Despite the fact that the advantage of the new model has been characterized here however the procedures and methods utilized for the examination have not been informed on.However, the presentation adequately gives an outline about future exploration to be completed in this field. Besides, the presentation doesn't plainly express the diagram for the model development.Additionally, the presentation doesn't give any thought regarding the end for example in the event that the examination was effective or not and in the event that it filled the need (Kalfat Al-Mahaidi, 2014). First Chapter The presentation of the part was completely inadequate since the creator didn't clarify the points and destinations and speculation of the examination clearly.The first section basically focuses on the foundation data alongside the synopsis of the trial that has been done on theme for example the fix secured joints. Be that as it may, the section neglects to expound the foundation ideas just as the data with respect to the premise of the trial (Kara, 2011). Very little exertion is to be put by the perusers to comprehend the fundamental motivation behind the exploration study and the way taken by the analysts so as to finish the examination has been unmistakably expounded in the rundown (Kalfat et.al. 2016). The primary part ojnly gives a concise clarification of the problem.The reason for the examination isn't unmistakably characterized out of sight and the method of reasoning since the creator has expressed that extremely restricted informational collections were utilized to direct the exploration and further work is required in such manner. The model requires to be adjusted to discover the quality of the saturant glue, which impacts the disappointment method of the stay alongside the general quality accomplished. This shows the reason for completing the examination was halfway fruitless. Despite the fact that the scientists have given legitimate clarification about the different autonomous and the reliant factors and built up an appropriate relationship so as to achieve the outcomes, they have neglected to set up appropriate exploration inquiries before completing the examination movement (Lee, 2014). So as to comprehend the principle motivation behind the examination study very little of an exertion is required and the rundown of the exploration concentrate unmistakably depicts the way that has been taken by the specialists so as to do the examination study. The main sections needs the satisfactory depiction of the foundation to the difficult which lead to t he examination . It just gives a substance of the issue. The back ground and the reason doesn't obviously characterize the motivation behind the test as the essayist has himself said that the exploration work was done in a restricted informational collections. They have basically centered just around the improvement of the model. Since no unmistakable speculation is given by the writers in the paper consequently it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to test the theory of the exploration topic.The scope and the impediments of the examination study have been given in the principal section which encourages the perusers to comprehend the examination qualityand accordingly, it very well may be expressed that the essayists have given an honestevaluation of their exploration study (Mansouri Kisi, 2015). The constraints of the exploration study were pretty much applicable and in accordance with the end. The primary part contains the outline of the all out thesis and the way follow ed to accomplish the ideal outcome. Despite the fact that the targets are not illustrated, the general advances related with the exploration have been unmistakably explained and thusly, less difficulties are engaged with inferring the destinations of the examination study. Writing Review Writing survey is the base of the examination which decide the profundity of the investigation led by the exploration and with the assistance of the acquired data in writing audit the solid in regards to the examination is created. Different inquiries have been brought up in the writing survey segment and the writers didn't suitably reference a portion of the spots (Naderpour, Kheyroddin Amiri, 2010). The writing audit isn't limited to explicit segment and is spread to the whole thesis as different other exploration works has been cited and refered to in the resulting segments of the examination study. The writing survey is however pertinent to the extension and point of the exposition. Subsequently, there is an away from of additional in messaging is watched (Kalfat et.al. 2016). The whole paper depended on only thirty references. Since there are various works which has been done either on a similar point or on the partnered subjects in this way it is significant that the creators o ught to have utilized all the more academic works in their exploration concentrate in order to acquire understanding into the examination works that has been completed on the theme. Further the vast majority of the insightful work that has been utilized in the thesis is exceptionally old for the most part during the 1990s. Furthermore, the vast majority of the references that have been utilized depend on the diaries and not very many references are given from the sites and different sources (Nasrollahzadeh Basiri, 2014). The writing audit doesn't identify with all the subjects of the exploration study. Further there are no huge worth decisions of the writing nor have the discoveries of the writing audit of the various works been unmistakably expressed in this area. Procedure Unmistakably the embraced philosophy is exceptionally immense and it would be very diffiuct to follow while executing specific investigation. It would have been exceptional if the scientists have portrayed appropriately the techniques. The degree of the information gathered is constrained yet it served the extent of the exploration study (Tong Chen, 2014). The greater part of the information that has been gathered have been from the auxiliary sources that is the majority of the datasets were gathered from the distributed informational collections. Along these lines the majority of the information were gathered from the auxiliary sources and there was either nill or barely any information utilized in the exploration study which were gathered from the essential information sources. The example size of the information is adequate to make a noteworthy determination. The philosophy that has been embraced is legitimate and proper for achieving the reason behind completing this exploration movement. There were no noteworthy elective philosophies considered in the exploration concentrate as the examination study was altogether founded on the use of the hereditary programming in the improvement of model frp-to-solid fix tied down joints (WANG, ZHOU LI, 2008). The decision for choosing a specific strategy for research was defended already and the instruments that has been utilized in the exploration study is fitting for the examination study (Kalfat et.al. 2016). There were different proof which shows that the instruments were adjusted, for example, Numerical limited component recreations were directed which had the option to catch the pre-pinnacle and post-top reaction of the fix tied down joints to an elevated level of precision, when aligned with the numerical information. Examination of result The result of the examination study have been unmistakably outlined by the scientist and they are as per the following- The normal total blunders (AAEs) for each model obviously show that the GP model is prevalent in precision, bringing about an AAE estimation of 6.7% contrasted and 11.04% for the SE model. The greatest blunder displayed by the two models was _19.6% and _35.7% for the GP and SE models (Yin Wee, 2014). Parametric examinations on both SE and GP models featured comparable patterns in parametric conduct between the two models (Kalfat al. 2016). Be that as it may, the two conditions ought to be utilized inside the scope of parametric qualities used to infer the articulations. The major create targets have been plainly accomplished by the analyst and with the assistance of the factual procedure the outcomes were unmistakably represented. Graphical portrayal of information helps in expanding the exactness and accuracy of the information assortment process with in goes reflected to the result (Zhang, Sun Fei, 2011). End and suggestion The investigation gives an unmistakable and exact thought with respect to the appraisal of novel model a for FRP fix stay quality expectation dependent on a conventional programming (GP) demonstrating approach. It prescribed to utilize wide scope of informational indexes to build up an increasingly all encompassing model. Subsequently, the future extent of examination is available. References Kalfat, R. Nazari, A. Al-Mahaidi, R. Sanjayan, J. (2016), Genetic programming in the reenactment of Frp-to-solid fix secured joints, Journal of Composite Structures, Elsevier, 305312. Chowdhury, M. what's more, Islam, M. (2015). Shear Strength

Tourism Industry and Hospitality Operations Management

Question: Examine about the Tourism Industry and Hospitality Operations Management. Answer: Presentation: Gold coast is influenced decidedly because of the brilliant eventual fate of the travel industry. In any case, the desire for the visitors will be from Australia and mishaps like it occurred at the fantasy world will influence the travel industry of Australia. In addition, the utilization of the land involved by the aboriginals ought to be decreased, as it will influence nature just as the social structure of the nation. Current circumstance The present circumstance of the travel industry of Australia recommends that it can draw an immense number of vacationers from the worldwide areas. The amusement parks are the absolute best attractions for the individuals who are coming to Australia from the global nations. Now and again, the individuals who are setting up the subject work hampers the aboriginals who are remaining in those areas as the amusement parks are for the most part set up in rustic areas. The mishap that has happened in the gold coast amusement park is redundancy of a portion of the significant mishaps that has occurred in Australia (sbs.com.au 2016). The Thunder River Rapids ride has been destroyed in the gold coast amusement park. The wellbeing issues with respect to the ride have raised worries as the ride has breezed through the security assessment a month prior to the mishap has happened. What's more, the more charges with respect to the wellbeing issues of different rides in the amusement park (the Guardian 2016). Effect of the occurrence at Dream world The travel industry is one of the significant wellsprings of salary for Australia and the amusement parks like the gold coast are a portion of the significant attractions. The effect of the mishap can have different negative effects dream world. Some of them are: Negative exposure Dream world will win negative exposure after the episode. The recreation center has been working since the previous 35 years. Also, the rides have breezed through the wellbeing assessment a month prior. The individuals who are visiting the recreation center will presently fear the wellbeing tests as the rides can't be called safe after the test (Kostopoulos, Gounaris and Rizomyliotis 2013). Negative impact of the travel industry The mishap at dream world will biggerly affect the travel industry overall. The mishaps hugy affect the brains of the individuals. Inevitably, the income that travel industry will diminish as the vacationer won't have a sense of security visiting the amusement parks (Vyravene and Rabbanee 2016). References Australian Government Productivity Commission, 2015.Australias International Tourism Industry Productivity Commission Research Paper. first ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.pc.gov.au/look into/finished/universal the travel industry/global tourism.pdf [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Becken, S., McLennan, C. also, Wardle, C. 2015.Gold Coast Tourism Industry Report. first ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/resources/pdf_file/0007/735325/_Final-blended report-for-printing-20150730.pdf [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Division of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016.Free Trade Agreements. [online] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Accessible at: https://dfat.gov.au/exchange/understandings/pages/exchange agreements.aspx [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Chase, A. also, Wheeler, B. 2016.Brexit: All you have to think about the UK leaving the EU - BBC News. [online] BBC News. Accessible at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-legislative issues 32810887 [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Kostopoulos, G., Gounaris, S. also, Rizomyliotis, I., 2013, June. Authoritative works on decreasing the negative effect of client resistance: an observational investigation. In42nd EMAC Annual Conference 2013. sbs.com.au, 2016.Major event congregation mishaps in Australia. [online] News. Accessible at: https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2016/10/25/significant entertainment mecca mishaps australia [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. the Guardian, 2016.Dreamworld's Thunder River Rapids ride that slaughtered four individuals to be wrecked. [online] the Guardian. Accessible at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/nov/09/dreamworlds-thunder-waterway rapids-ride-that-slaughtered four-individuals to-be-wrecked [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Vyravene, R. also, Rabbanee, F.K., 2016. Corporate negative publicitythe job of cause related marketing.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ).

Curiosity, Part 2

Curiosity, Part 2 Disclaimer 1: It was very difficult to know how to pitch this. If its overkill for you, dont torture yourself; just skim, or skip to the end. Disclaimer 2: This description is the product of 2-3 hours of Google-ing and discussion, between me and one of my friends. Were nerds who like to stay up late discussing nerdy things, not experts. EVERYTHING BELOW could be false. Believe at your own risk. The Question:  A couple of weeks ago,  I looked at my computer screen from a bunch of different angles, and noticed the following: From above, some (but not all) colors invert: red to cyan, blue to yellow, etc*. This seemed to depend on the shade of the original color. *If youre not familiar with this color opponency thing, an explanation is in the next section. If you ARE familiar with it, skip ahead. From the sides, the colors do not change. From below, the colors merge: all shades of red become one red, all shades of blue become one blue, etc. In my last blog post, I said that I would write up an explanation of this phenomenon if people expressed interest. So, here it is. The basics of color opponency To understand this, you will need a color wheel: The first thing you should notice is that red + green + blue = white; white is the sum of all the colors, and all colors can be described by some combination of red, green, and blue. Also note that: Yellow + Blue = White Cyan + Red = White Magenta + Green = White These can be rearranged to show that: White Yellow = Blue White Cyan = Red White Magenta = Green In other words, blue is the absence of yellow, red is the absence of cyan, and green is the absence of magenta. We call these color pairs (blue-yellow, red-cyan, green-magenta) color opponents, because having more of one automatically means having less of the other. Thats why I say that red inverted to become cyan. How your visual system registers brightness Heres a quick and dirty explanation of how you see: light from a source (the sun, or the lamp in your room) travels through the air, bounces off the object that youre looking at, and enters your eye. What does it mean, then, for one object to appear twice as bright as another? You might be tempted to suggest that twice the amount of light has hit that object, and reached your eye. More specifically, since light is carried in particles called photons, twice the number of photons entered your eye. If this were true, the following statement would also be true: If DarkColor 2 consists of twice the amount of light as DarkColor 1, and BrightColor 2 consists of twice the amount of light as BrightColor 1, then you should perceive the same difference in brightness between the two DarkColors as you should between the two BrightColors. This is not how your eyes are wired. Instead, your eyes see brightness on a logarithmic (log) scale, which is a fancy way of saying that twice the amount of raw light does not mean twice the brightness. Your eyes are actually more sensitive to distinctions between dark tones than to distinctions between light tones. To continue with this example: you would perceive  a much more significant difference between DarkColor 2 and DarkColor 1 than you would between BrightColor 2 and BrightColor 1. Another way to think about this log scale thing is to draw an analogy to age. The difference between being 0 years old and 1 year old is huge, developmentally. Ditto between 1 and 2. Same between 2 and 3. Between 17 aand 18? A bit. Between 40 and 41? 82 and 83? Not so much. You might argue that the developmental difference between two consecutive ages gets smaller and smaller and less significant with greater age. Similarly, the brightness difference between two consecutive amounts of light gets smaller and smaller and less significant with greater amounts of light.  Your eye works this way because being very sensitive to subtle differences in bright objects would be overwhelming; its more important to be sensitive to subtle differences in dark objects. And if your development from 30 to 31 was of the same order of magnitude as your development from 1 to 2? Your body and brain would freak the heck out. Cool fact (not at all important to understanding this) You may be familiar with the way astronomers talk about how bright a star is: magnitude -1 or -25 or 1 or 10 or 0 or whatever. A linear increase of one magnitude corresponds to a change in brightness by a factor of ten.  The reason for this weird system is that magnitudes were initially assigned by eye, before the computer age; our eyes work logarithmically, so the astronomy magnitude system does as well. All this determines How your computer registers brightness Your digital camera receives the same light that your eyes do. A camera is more sensitive to brights than to darks, so if it stored the image exactly as it captured it, it would devote more memory (more bits) to brights than to darks. That would be silly, though, since your eyes make FEWER distinctions between brights; devoting all that memory to brights is spending bits on information that your eyes wont use. Therefore, to make the best use of limited bits, your computer stores the image on the log scale I described earlier. It faces a problem, though, when it comes to actually displaying the image: your eyes expect the image to be just like light sources in nature, which are NOT on log scales. Therefore, the computer has to convert back from the log to the natural scale before displaying. This conversion is done by applying The gamma correction The gamma correction is what your computer applies to an image, in order to put it in the form that your eye expects.  To recap, your eye sees more distinctions in the darks than in the brights.  If the gamma correction is too big, you end up TOO sensitive to darks, and not sensitive enough to brights; the images look dark and shadowy. On the flip side, if the gamma correction is too small, then youre not sensitive enough to darks, and overly sensitive to brights. Either way, the image looks weird to your eye. Heres a visual example from this website (which I recommend reading for an explanation of all this): Normal image: Too much gamma correction: Not enough gamma correction: Hopefully youre still with me. If so, were ready to talk about How the gamma correction changes with viewing angle The gamma correction is perfect for one particular viewing angle. If you go too high (look down at the screen from above) then the gamma correction is too small; the images are bleached out, like that third face. If you go too low (look up at the screen from below) then the gamma correction is too big: the images are dark, like that second face. Look at each of those faces from above and below, and youll see what I mean; its pretty cool. This says nothing about colors, though, or why they may or may not invert. To discuss colors, we first have to talk about How light works Light can be thought of as a wave, like this: Now, imagine that youre generating this wave shape by taking a piece of string, and flapping one end up and down just like this cheerful little guy: From http://scienceprojectideasforkids.com/ All hes doing is moving his hand in a straight line: up and down, up and down. He could also move it in a straight line from left to right, or from the top left to the bottom right: regardless of the angle of this straight line, we say that the wave is linearly polarized. Polarization is just a fancy word for direction. Another way to understand this linear stuff: if you looked at the string from the boys angle, all you would see is a black vertical line. Another visual: From http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/ The color of the light is determined by the distance between two peaks.  As you can see below, that distance is bigger for red waves than for purple waves. Now that you have some basic theory on light, its time to apply it to How your screen displays lots of different colors Your screen is made up of a whole buttload of pixels, arranged in a 2D array. Each pixel is made up of three subpixels: one for red light, one for green light, and one for blue light. Think of each subpixel as a little gatekeeper: it controls how much of its respective color is able to pass through the gate, and be displayed on the screen.  The result is some combination of red, green, and blue. A few examples: -If each subpixel lets ALL its light through, then we get 100% red, 100% green, and 100% blue, which results in white. -If each subpixel lets NONE of its light through, then we get 0% red, 0% green, and 0% blue, which results in black. -If the red subpixel lets all its light through, but neither the green nor the blue lets any light through, then we get 100% red, 0% green, and 0% blue, which results in (obviously) red. -If the red subpixel lets none of its light through, but both the green and the blue let all of their light through, then we get 0% red, 100% green, and 100% blue, which result in what happens when you take white light and subtract red: you get reds color opponent, cyan. Note in the color wheel that green + blue = cyan, so this makes sense from the RGB perspective. If you go to this website, you can play around with different combinations (instead of 0% 100%, this website deals with a scale of 0 as 0% and 255 as 100%. Same thing, though.) Once you feel comfortable with this RGB pixel scheme, read on to learn How the little gatekeeper subpixel controls the amount of light that gets through it First, we need to describe what a polarization filter is. It is analogous to anything with a series of slits that go in one direction.  To aid your imagination, here is a picket fence: All the slits are vertical. Imagine this: we stand ten feet away, and take turns throwing a Frisbee at the fence, trying to get it to pass through the gaps. How are we going to orient the Frisbee? Not flat, obviously it will almost certainly just bounce back. Well orient it sideways, so that it lines up with the gaps. If we orient it diagonally, theres a higher chance of it going through than if we oriented it flat, but its still not great. Eventually, we get bored with the Frisbee, and turn to trying to beam linearly polarized light through the fence using a LIGHT GUN.  Same strategy!  Just like the Frisbee, light can be oriented vertically, horizontally, diagonally, whatever. We want to orient our light such that it lines up with the slits. In this case, that means lining it up vertically. If we line it up horizontally, none passes through. If we line it up diagonally, some  passes through, but not all. Take the game up a notch. Add a second fence ten feet behind the first one, thats oriented like this: Now, we have a problem; the strategy for getting the light through the first fence is not the same as the strategy for getting the light through the second fence. If we shoot it vertically, for example, itll make it through the first one, but not the second one. Something needs to happen between the fences: we need a friend to stand in there, and somehow change the direction of the light. That way, we can shoot it vertically, and get it through the first fence our friend will then (really quickly) change its orientation to horizontal, so that it can pass through the second fence. This isnot exactly how computer subpixels work, since there is a distinct lack of Frisbees and picket fences in there. HOWEVER, this is a good way of understanding whats actually going on. Instead of two picket fences separated by ten feet, a subpixel has two tiny polarization filters (fancy science talk for very tiny picket fences). The filter at the back of the screen, where the light first enters, has vertical slits, just like the first fence. The filter at the front of the screen, where the light exits to travel to your eye, has horizontal slits, just like the second fence. Instead of a helpful friend standing between the fences, you have a tiny layer of molecules between the filters; these molecules are oriented a bit like a spiral staircase, and rotate the light, like this: In their rest positions, these molecules do a perfect job: they rotate the light wave 90 degrees, so that all the light that enters the first filter manages to leave the second filter. If your screen is completely white, that means that each subpixel is at rest, because light from R, G, and B subpixels is getting through. If your screen is displaying black, that means that each subpixel is at maximum energy; the molecules have re-oriented themselves in order to make sure that the light doesnt rotate at all, and is therefore unable to get through the second filter. If a subpixel has some medium amount of energy,  the molecules do a half-hearted job; they orient themselves in such a way that the light is rotated a bit, but not the full 90 degrees required for all of it to get through. Thats how we get values like 50% red, or 4% blue, or whatever. Remember that each dot on your screen is one pixel, the color of which is determined by the three subpixels. We get such a huge variety of colors because each subpixel works independently to determine how much red, green, and blue make it through the second filter. Basically, the color of a pixel = some amount of red, as determined by the red subpixels molecules + some amount of green, as determined by the green subpixels molecules + some amount of blue, as determined by the blue subpixels molecules. If this makes sense, then youre ready for Why the angle at which you look at the screen matters Were going to use this color as our example: Its basically a shade of red: its mostly red, but theres some green and some blue in there as well. More specifically, all of the pixels within that little pink box have a subpixel RGB distribution as follows: R: 100% (all of the red subpixels are letting 100% of their light through. In other words, their molecules are rotating the linearly polarized light the full 90 degrees.) G: 50% (all of the green subpixels are letting SOME of their light through. In other words, their molecules are rotating the light, but not the full 90 degrees.) B: 50% (same as green) Now, look at it from above. If your screen is LCD, then it should look cyan: reds color opponent. Woah! Lets use what we discussed previously to understand this. First of all, the red subpixels let 100% of their light through. That means that their light is perfectly parallel to the exit slits, which are horizontal on your screen. So, the red light that comes to meet your eye is traveling horizontally, perpendicular to the surface of your screen. Picture a fan, held parallel to the ground: it extends in all directions to the left and the right, but not up or down. So, if you move your head so that youre above or below the screen, you dramatically reduce the amount of red light that reaches you. This is NOT true for the green or the blue subpixels. They didnt let all their light through: their molecules didnt rotate the light the full 90 degrees. So, the green and blue light that comes to meet your eye is NOT traveling horizontally: its at some other angle. If you put your head above or below the screen, you dont necessarily reduce the amount of green or blue that you see. Essentially: -when you look at your screen from above or below, you see MORE green + blue, and less red. The ratios are flipped from what you saw face-on: more intensity face-on = more horizontally polarized = less intensity above or below the screen. It makes sense, then, that you see cyan from above. BUT WAIT! you say. This should mean that if I look at the screen from below, I would also see cyan. But actually, when I look at that pink box from below, it looks red. What happened to the green and the blue? Excellent question; I think that it has to do with the gamma correction. Remember when you look at the screen from below, theres TOO MUCH gamma correction, which means that theres too much sensitivity to darks.When you look at the screen from above, theres NOT ENOUGH gamma correction: theres too much sensitivity to brights. What is dark and what is bright? This is determined by the amount of light.  From both above and below, we see less red, and more cyan. Therefore,  red = dark and cyan = light. Essentially: because of the gamma factor, -when you look from above, youre extra sensitive to the cyan, and less sensitive to the red. The result: cyan. -when you look from below, youre extra sensitive to the red, and less sensitive to the cyan. The result: red. Both are consistent with what you can see with that pink square. The whole light polarization thing determines which colors are brighter and which colors are darker, and the gamma correction decides which of those to make stronger. Hopefully that made some sense. If you have any questions or corrections (like I said, this could very well be wrong) then comment away. The more important part of this post is how much fun it was to logic all of this out with my friend; if you ever find yourself confused about some effect you observe, I highly recommend grabbing a nerdy companion and working it through together. Even if its 2am and you have work the next day. Speaking of work: heres something else thats awesome, and related.  One of my projects this summer, at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, was to study what happens to the signal from a pulsar as it travels to Earth from space. Guess what kind of light wave we get from pulsars. Linearly polarized light. Guess what happens to the light wave as it travels through space. It rotates. Why does it rotate? Because of the Milky Ways magnetic field, instead of a layer of spiral staircase molecules. This is called Faraday rotation. Heres a schematic, from Wikipedia: You see that the final polarization direction of the light is different from the initial polarization direction; it becomes a bit diagonal, instead of purely vertical. We call this a change in position angle, and we see it in our data. My job was to measure this effect to very high precision, because from it we can glean information about the galaxys magnetic field. In conclusion: http://xkcd.com/54/

Slavery And The Underground Railroad And Martin Luther...

Slavery has and always will be considered an intolerable and inhumane part of our history. We all have some knowledge about slavery; some maybe more than others. I’m sure we all remember as a child learning about the Underground Railroad and Martin Luther King Jr. during Black History Month in February. When you read â€Å"Africans in America: Judgment Day–Part 4: 1831 – 1865†, it will shed light on several historical events that you might not be aware of. The information obtained in this article will take you in-depth on actual events that one might find strikingly interesting. In the section Map: From Coast to Coast you will find that there were over 2 million slaves in the United States, and surprisingly enough, were worth over a billion dollars. One might make the mistake and assume that all white southerners were slave owners. But in fact, 75 percent didn’t own slaves. That means only a small number of people owned slaves; and the ones who did only owned about 20 slaves. I find this compelling. I assumed everyone had plantations with numerous slaves. One may raise the question, how did slavery last so long if only a hand full of wealthy planters were benefiting from slaves? When you think of marriage, what comes to mind? Love, commitment, unity and teamwork would all fall in that category. In section Antebellum Slavery it talks about a couple by the name of Frances Anne (Fanny) Kemble and Pierce Butler that might not agree so much. They actually thought they could changeShow MoreRelatedThe Political Movement Of The Late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.921 Words   |  4 Pageson the political movement of the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr., delivered a speech to a massive group of civil rights marchers gathered around the Lincoln memorial in Washington DC. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom brought together the nation’s most prominent civil rights leaders, alon g with tens of thousands of marchers, to press the United States government for equality, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr (August 28, 1963).† The environment at thatRead More The Black Community Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesblacks have been treated the poorest out of all races. Although everyone under God is to be treated equal, whites thought of themselves as being the superior race. In 1619 a Dutch ship brought 20 slaves to America and it took nearly 240 years for slavery to end in 1865(Ronald, , para. 3).These helpless slaves were taken to America and put to work growing anything from cotton to tobacco. Slaves had absolutely no rights. They were simply property of their â€Å"Massa’.† Being disrespectful to a white manRead MoreCivil Disobedience And The United States889 Words   |  4 PagesCongress in the fight for American independence. This event was only the beginning of civil disobedience in the nation. The Underground Railroad was also a vital act of civil disobedience in the United States of America. The Fugitive Slave Act was passed by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850 between southern slave states and the northern states which opposed slavery; After Congress added yet another component which stated that if any slave was found in a certain radius from home, the slaveRead MoreHistory of Civil Rights in America Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesand whites. As African-Americans began to grow more bold and created ties to one another the Underground Railroad was formed to help slaves escape the South into free northern states and Canada. One of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad was Harriet Tubman. â€Å"In the 12 years from her escape in 1849 to the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad became the most dominant force of abolitionism† (â€Å"Women in History†, 2012). She was known to manyRead MoreWh at I Have Learned in American Government Roots and Reform1474 Words   |  6 Pagesbus to a white passenger. In response to her arrest the Montgomery black community launches a bus boycott, which lasted for more than a year, until the buses diced to desegregated in Dec. 21, 1956. Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., was instrumental in leading the bus boycott. Martin Luther King, Charles K. Steele, and Fred L. Shuttlesworth establish the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, of which MLK is made the first president. The SCLC becomes a major force in organizing the civil rightsRead MoreAfrican American1129 Words   |  5 Pagesand other parts of the South (The New York Public Library,  n.d.). Although we are most familiar with the documented 1619 arrival, in which Africans were brought to the United States aboard a Dutch ship to Jamestown, Virginia for the purpose of slavery. In the 17th century, the United States nation began to grow and white European settlers need more laborers for the production of crops, like cotton and tobacco. In 1793 the cotton industry began to grow. Cheap labor was needed for the tediousRead MoreSlavery within the Eyes of Frederick Douglass Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhat would it be like if we were a part of the slave years? To get an inside look of slavery we look through the eyes of a former slave Frederick Douglass. Through his experience of being grown into slavery in the south made him re-evaluate his life knowing he was worth more than being treated as someone else’s property. Not only was Douglass a part of the plantation system, city life, and brutal whipping but he was put into history as a great role model defining the true meaning of life. All peopleRead MoreSlavery and Its Effects on the U.S. Today1378 Words   |  6 PagesThere has always been hostility between different groups of people, in the 17th -19th centuries this was no different. This was the time of slavery in the New World. During this time people from Africa were enslaved and brought to the colonies of North America. They were then forced to work under harsh conditions. Although this is a painful memory in our country s past, without it we wouldn t be the country we are today. America is an advanced country with a great government, however duringRead MoreSlavery Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pages Slavery quot;We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happinessquot; (Thomas Jefferson). Slavery Slavery in America stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade- Portugal. The African Slave Trade was first exploited for plantationsRead MoreRichard Allen s Freedom Of Religion1321 Words   |  6 PagesIt was a time where slavery and racism were at an all time high in America when Richard Allen bought his freedom from his master in 1786. He had been born into slavery in 1760 and was sold with his family to a new master at a very young age. This in itself was fortunate since many slave families were separated when they were sold. Allen would go on to become the founder of the first national black church in the United States and become one of the most influential black leaders and activists in America

Lung Cancer The Devastating Disease - 1145 Words

Lung Cancer: The Devastating Disease Lung cancer is a disgusting disease that many have died from. It is the largest single cause of cancer deaths in America. It causes more deaths than colon, breast and pancreatic cancer combined. People shouldn’t have to suffer from this disease. We have to prevent any more cases of lung cancer. What is lung cancer? It is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that start off in one or both of the lungs. The abnormal cells do not develop into healthy tissue, they divide rapidly and form into tumors. As tumors become stronger and bigger it undermines the lungs ability to produce oxygen in the bloodstream. Now what causes lung cancer? Well the number one leading cause of lung cancer is smoking. According to www.webmd.com ,around ninety percent of lung cancers arise because of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes over time. Pipe and cigar can also cause lung cancer, although the risk is not as high as cigarettes. While someone who smokes one pack a day has a risk for the development of lung cancer that is twenty-five higher than a non-smoker, pipe and cigar smokers have a risk of lung cancer that is about five times that of a non-smoker. What are the symptoms of lung cancer? Intense coughing, shortness of breath or a change in the color of sputum are some of the many symptoms. There is also pain in the chest,shoulder, or back unrelated to pain from coughing. Some major ones are coughing up blood,Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Air Pollution Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagesthe humanity. It does not have any borders each member of our planet is affected by its devastating effects. Air pollution is the main factor contributing to general environmental problems. It is the emission of particulates, harmful materials, and biological molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere and is caused by both human and natural factors. The effects of air pollution are shocking. It causes numerous diseases in human organisms, animals, natural crops, ruins the balance of the environmental systemRead MoreAsbestos Poisoning1056 Words   |  5 Pagescan have on humans. Its toxicity stems from the fact that the microscopic fibers which make up a sbestos in its pure form can have a devastating impact on human health when they are inhaled or ingested. III. INTRODUCTION Definition Asbestos poisoning occurs when the microscopic fibers that asbestos consist of are inhaled or ingested. This can have a devastating effect on human  health. The effects of  asbestos  poisoning are not immediate as is the case with many other poisons. When you inhaleRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Cigarettes786 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause it causes diseases which cost billions of dollars a year in healthcare. It is also the leading cause of diseases and deaths in the US. Smoking cigarettes is an unhealthy habit that unfortunely affects many Americans. Quitting can help reduce the amount of health issues associated with smoking. Smoking cigarettes has been found to be the leading cause of lung cancer. There has been multiple studies of the effects of cigarettes and the dangers of them. According to the American Lung AssociationRead MoreArgumentative Essay Smoking845 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is a silent killer. Smoking is the process of breathing in smoke from burning cigarette, tobacco and weed into the lungs, blood stream, and brain. Smoking does many dangerous things to the body of both smokers and nonsmokers that people are not aware of due to lack of education and social influence. Nonsmoker are affected just by inhaling the air filled with smoke from smoker. So even if I don’t smoke but have people around me that smoke can impact my health negatively. Generations unbornRead MoreCommon Symptoms Of Lung Cancer Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesSymptoms of Lung Cancer You Can t Afford to Ignore By Alex Bismuth | Submitted On November 02, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Being familiar with the symptoms of lung cancer can help you get itRead MoreThe Dangers of Smoking1037 Words   |  4 Pageswithin a minute† (Cohen, 37). Tobacco causes many cancers, diseases, and deaths. Based upon the facts and figures of the American Cancer Society there are approximately 125,000 lung cancer deaths that can be attributed to the use of tobacco products. Tobacco also causes heart disease, blindness, impaired senses, infertility, and asthma. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention states: â€Å"for every person who dies from a smoking related disease, about 30 more people suffer with at least 1 seriousRead More The Long Term Effects of Marijuana Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagesdistorted perception (sights, sounds, time, touch), trouble with thinking and problem solving, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, anxiety and panic attacks (Ferguson 23). A new analysis by Bachman examines how marijuana is potentially devastating to adolescents because it suppresses motivation, drive, and commitment to family and school. Although these researcher’s studies have covered many topics about marijuana, the actual long-term effects caused by inhaled marijuana smoke is a topicRead MoreLung Cancer : The Most Common Cause Of Cancer1309 Words   |  6 PagesLung Cancer is by far the most common cause of cancer related death in the world. Every year more than 200,00 Americans are diagnosed with lung cancer and over 100,000 Americans die from lung cancer. Lung Cancer is partly preventable with smoking cessation and it is slowly decreasing in the developed countries because of the many campaigns against tobacco addiction developed in the last decades but this is not the case in developing countries. In addition, we are observing a growing amount ofRead MoreTobacco Should Be Made Illegal Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesmonoxide, tar, formaldehyde, cyanide, and ammonia—many of which are known carcinogens. Cigarette smoking accounts for about one-third of all cancers, including 90 percent of lung cancer cases. In addition to cancer, smoking causes lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, heart attack, vascular disease, and aneurysm. Because of all the damaging effect that tobacco has on the body, the life expectancy for smokers is at least ten years shorterRead MoreTobacco Smoking1372 Words   |  6 Pagesposition that enables them to cope with the hectic lifestyle th ey are living. However, smoking has been scientifically proven to cause many types of cancer, the most common being lung cancer resulting in numerous deaths across the United States. According to WHO (World Health Organization), Smoking is a greater cause of death and disability than any single disease. Evidently, the benefits and drawbacks of smoking have been debated for many years, and only recently have some countries have placed a ban

What Essay Samples for Graduate School Is - and What it Is Not

What Essay Samples for Graduate School Is - and What it Is Not For a beginning, the typical application essay topics need you to use language that's totally free from language flaws and grammatical mistakes. Try to remember, an admission essay sample may be a good way to find out more about the writing procedure and understand the task better. The essays may be the most important elements of your application. Of course you want to have an application essay to shine and, as a consequence, take your application to some other level. The Pain of Essay Samples for Graduate School The cost of an essay depends upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Inside this instance, how you organize the letter can fluctuate widely, based on what you're attempting to say and the story you've got to tell. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you wind up getting an excellent grade. Read the essay carefully numerous occasions and ask a relative or trus ted friend to check over the essay and provide you suggestions or point out regions of weakness. Essay Samples for Graduate School Secrets That No One Else Knows About If you search for the best opening and delay writing till you find just the perfect angle, phrasing, or metaphor you might not ever write your graduate admissions essay. Since you're not writing an argumentative paper, it's simple to forget the significance of a thesis statement. Alongside the facts of a scenario, the essay must also include your perspective. Your essay must incorporate an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Before you write your admissions essay you have to have a comprehension of your targets and the way in which your experiences to date prepare you for pursuing your aims. So if you're thinking about a potentially well-tread topic, attempt to approach it in an exceptional way. Instead, it may be a very good concept to emphasize your most impressive achievements. For some individuals, ho wever, it might not be advisable. What You Don't Know About Essay Samples for Graduate School This checklist can help you to remember to re-check your work and find weak spots if you've got them. So plan your budget to produce sure you've got money for those essentials. As a consequence, spending money to manage your essays might be challenging. So use the above mentioned methods and prove your mettle in the very start of the journey. The degree of scholarly research generated by the department also attracts me. You could then end to your educational or career background linked to your application. Presently, there are numerous reasons why there's an increase in the amount of graduate school applications. Utilizing complex words in an effort to impress will likely only do more damage than good. In addition, you ought to explain that you're a great match for the school in the previous paragraph. It is by far the most critical part of your school paper, especially the very first sentence. A grad school interview thank you letter is a good method to convey your appreciation for an individual's willingness to devote time assisting you to accomplish a personal or professional objective. The straightforward answer is it depends on what exactly the school is asking, and what exactly you're hoping to do. Essay requirements will be different from school to school, but you are going to probably be requested to write 250750 words. Pursuing a Master's Degree or a Doctoral Degree may be one of the most critical decision a professional could possibly make. Statement of Purpose is among the hardest thing that you'll ever write if you apply to graduate school. Many young folks are too busy or only reluctant to compose the essay by themselves. There are a lot of ways to get ready for the graduate school essay writing. When you get a rough draft of your admissions essay, bear in mind it is a rough draft. Since you may see, the format of the graduate school application essay is extremely similar to other sorts of essays. There are various types of graduate school essays. Writing an incredible graduate school essay is most likely a lot more straightforward than you may think. You will need quality and simple to understand graduate school admission essay samples to understand how to craft an excellent academic paper. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're predicted to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. Occasionally it may be required alongside other writing samples. You may think that you have made a very good case and your writing is clear, but if a reader cannot follow it, your writing isn't apparent. Don't just write something because it's only you believe it will impress the admission committee. In the event you have any pressing questions, you do not have to shy away. As you don't need the very best candidate for your project, you need to discover the proper candidate. Listed below are the guarantees we offer to anybody ready for professional help.

Abnormal Psychology Mental Disorders Essay Example For Students

Abnormal Psychology: Mental Disorders Essay Abnormal Psychology: Mental Disorders Essay Andrew Walters Schizophrenia http://www.mentalhealth.com/book/p40-sc02.html#Head_1 Schizophrenia is a disorder that can effect anyone. It is the greatest the greatest disorder that effects teenagers. When someone is effected by the disorder it is not just that one person that has to learn to deal with it, the families of the patients must also learn to deal with it. There are many possible causes for the disorder with many doctors believing that there is more than one cause. What has been thought as the main cause for many years is a chemical imbalance in the brain. This could be an imbalance in the number of neurotransmitters and/or an imbalance in the amount of dopamine. Stress is not thought of as directly causing Schizophrenia, but often makes already present symptoms worse. some doctors feel that Schizophrenia might be the result of a slow acting virus since the symptoms can be delayed many years after the first infection. Another possible cause for the disorder is a genetic disposition. This has yet to be proven but it is thought of as a likely cause since children who have a parent with the disorder have a ten times greater chance of developing the illness than children who have abnormal parents. If both parents have the disorder the chance of their off spring having the disorder jumps to forty times that of of an off spring with normal parents. Some times as equally as important as finding what causes a disease is finding what does not cause a disease. It is said that Schizophrenia is: not caused by a domineering mother and/or a passive father, not caused by childhood experiences, poverty, or not caused by the feeling of guilt or failure. People who have schizophrenia can be divided up into three equal groups: those who only have one episode in their entire life, those who have continual episodes but live normal lives between them, and a third group who have never ending symptoms. The symptoms that define an episode of schizophrenia can generally be described as deterioration from a previous level of functioning. The number one symptom of schizophrenia is the inability to separate the real form the unreal. As stress starts to build and the symptoms get worse there is often a decline in work achievements along with declining of relations with others. Because the these symptoms might start off very minor, it is mostly the families that notice them first. Thus it is up to the family to insist on a professional assessment of the person in question. Families also must play a key role in watching over the patient while there are undergoing treatment which usually consist taking medication in different amount until the proper amount is found. The constant research going on leads to putting more pieces of the puzzle together all the time. Using EEGs it was found that the impulses sent by the brain to other parts of the body are not normal in people with schizophrenia. It has also been found that there are definitely abnormalities in the proteins of those suffering from the disease. Bipolar Disorder http://pages.prodigy.com/bipolarcyclone/facefear. htm http://www.mhsource.com/expert/exp1042296a.html http://www.healthguide.com:80/Bipolar/common. stm Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder in which the effects who a person feels about the world around and even themselves. It makes them feel depressed and if left untreated suicide is often the result. Around 1.5% of the population is effect by some type of the disorder. Unlike many other disorders, bipolar effects a higher percent of those with a higher social status. Bipolar disorder usually comes on while the person is in their early twenties. Many People Believe Abortion Is A Moral Issue, But It Is Also Essay In order to determine if a patient suffers from the disorder or not, family members are often questioned to see if the patient acts the way they claims they do. They are often asked about the patients sleeping since it is hard to fake a sleeping disorder. A family history is often obtained to help decide if bipolar is a lily candidate. Obsessive-Compulsive .

Americas Before Columbus Essay Essay Example

Americas Before Columbus Essay Essay Before the Europeans adventurers had arrived. the posterities of the prehistoric innovators and ulterior migrators – the Native Americans – had formed a assortment of folks throughout North America. Each folk was related. Some were simple nomads who roamed through the West of the continent. while some were forest inhabitants who worked as huntsmans and fishermen. The southwest part of North America was home to the farming people of the Pueblo state. populating significant metropoliss of rock or adobe ( clay ) . In the Four-Corners ( Utah. Colorado. Arizona and New Mexico ) country was where the Anasazi people ( a. k. a. the â€Å"ancient ones† ) were settled. Their civilization began in about 100 BC. Along the Mississippi we small towns of the Mound Builders who built elephantine earthworks atop which they worshiped their Gods. At this clip. the Native Americans spoke many different linguistic communications. some as different from each other as Italian from English. More than 200 linguistic communications and idioms were developed. There were great fluctuations in imposts and traditions from folk to tribe. Much of North America was non a really good for people to populate in. which is why non that many people lived in North America around 1500. We will write a custom essay sample on Americas Before Columbus Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Americas Before Columbus Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Americas Before Columbus Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the northern parts. it’s excessively cold to back up really many people. The winters are excessively long to turn harvests. and there was’t sufficiency works life turning in the natural state to back up people unless there was a batch of land for each individual. In the sou-west. there are immense comeuppances. and even most of the manner up the Pacific seashore ( in what is now California ) it is by and large excessively dry for farming. You can merely farm utilizing irrigation. The early Pueblo people used irrigation for farming. The Great Plains. in the center of the continent. is a grassland for herds of animate beings like the American bison. but largely still excessively dry for farming without the usage of irrigation. Peoples in the Plains lived by chiefly runing American bison. In the Rocky Mountains. dirt was besides was no good for farming. Native American folks in that country such as the Ute lived by runing and assemblage. Along the Mississippi Valley and the Atlantic seashore. there was good farming area. and at that place people like the Mississippians. Iroquois. Sioux. and Cherokee farmed helianthuss. maize. and beans. Because of this. more people were populating at that place. In the Pacific Northwest. there was an copiousness of salmon that could feed a batch of people without farming. and Chinook along with other people lived at that place. The environment changed a great trade between the last Ice Age and 1500 AD. partially because of natural happenings and partially because of things people did. When people crossed over the land span from East Asia. during the Ice Age. North America was partly covered with glaciers. The ice covered the Great Lakes. and most of New York State. The Rocky Mountains had glaciers on them excessively. In the portion of the land that wasn’t covered by glaciers. there were a batch of really large animate beings like mammoths and a immense sort of bison. every bit good as early Equus caballuss and camels. With the terminal of the Ice Age ( 10. 000BC ) . the glaciers melted and shrank. until they merely covered the most northern portion of North America and a small portion of the Rocky Mountains every bit good as other mountains. The clime became warmer all over North America. and there was less grass for the large animate beings to ear. Most of them became extinct. New animate beings like the cowss that became the American American bison. and the Canis familiariss that came along with people. moved in from East Asia. South America South America is a long. narrow continent running from the equator down about to the South pole. So the northern portion near the equator is hot and wet. and the southern portion is really cold. Native Americans spread out rapidly in South America and adapted their life style to the given clime. They inhabited the hot and humid jungles and the cold Andes Mountains. which run down the seashore of South America. In these mountains. there are llamas. Lama guanicoe. vicunas. alpacas. and guinea hogs. The most popular civilization of the country was the Inca. Near the equator. the Amazon River runs east to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the largest river in the universe. and it’s H2O feeds a rich jungle that covers a batch of eastern South America. Rubber trees grow in the jungle. Jaguars. tapirs. chiropterans. toads. and anaconda serpents live at that place. while mahimahis. electric eels and piranhas live in the Amazon River. 3. Some Native American people made a batch of their vesture out of deerskins or the teguments of the other animate beings. Others wore apparels made of yucca and Meleagris gallopavo plumes. While some wove dressing out of bark strips or strands of hemp. Men wore cosmetic chapeaus with plumes. In the cold South near the artic. they made boots out of seal tegument. For nutrient they grew harvests. hunted. fished and gathered wild workss. The work forces had to run while the adult females farmed and gathered. Some of the nutrients they ate were Cucurbita pepos. bison. cervid. elk. blackberries. fish. maize. nuts. beans. and murphies. Through rites and supplications. they tried to delight the liquors. Often their rites included dances. If the liquors liked their dances they would give. in return. rain for their following harvest. Some believed in assorted Gods and practiced the Sun dance. They manus made clayware. wove baskets. and made jewellery to have on. Native Americans used what of all time resources they had to construct their shelter. They used caves for rain. cold air current. a topographic point to conceal for protection from animate beings and enemies. They lived in cone. dome. and rectangular-shaped houses or wigwams. They besides lived in tepees. or wikiups ( a frame of wood held together with yucca fibres and covered with coppice ) . and Hogans. Some built their places out of adobe ( sundried bricks ) . others made their place out of logs. coppice and clay. Other Native Americans lived near the cold artic and used iglu for shelter which were houses made of snow and ice. 4. I believe that I would non be able to last if I was to be transported to the 1490’s. Teenss today are non taught to hold the accomplishments of endurance that the Native Americans used during that clip. Clearly. we are more advanced now than we were about all those old ages ago. Most of the teens and grownups of today’s society are so used to holding their smart phone attached to their hip 24/7. Truthfully. I don’t think I could last with out it. Today. if we have a inquiry. we would merely Google it. Make you believe the Native Americans had luxury of researching a job and acquiring an reply in less than 2 proceedingss? It would likely take me a life-time to calculate out the simplest of undertakings if I living in America before 1500 AD. Sometimes we forget to take a minute to believe about how lucky we are. When you think of runing. you think of modern twenty-four hours arms. When you think of farming. you think of tractors and other modern machines. I doubt that the Native Americans had those tools. Heck. I would hold to do my ain tools. I’d likely starve to decease before I found a manner to do the tools needed to last. I believe most teens today would non be able to last. The fact that engineering. as we know it. would be non-existent in America before Columbus arrived. would do it a really hard being. I genuinely believe that day-to-day life would be excessively hard for me. and I would most likely non survive for really long at all.

French Pronunciation of the Double L

French Pronunciation of the Double L In French, the double L is sometimes pronounced like an L  and other times like a Y. How do you know when to pronounce it each way? This lesson explains the general rules and the inevitable exceptions. Rules for Pronouncing LL As a general rule, the double L after A, E, O, U, and Y is pronounced like an L: une balle, elle, mollement, une idylle, etc. If there are exceptions to this, Ive never found them. In words with I followed by LL, the rules are a bit more complicated. The double L is always pronounced like a Y in letter combinations with vowel ILL: aill (e.g., taille)eill (oreille)euill (feuille)Å“ill (Å“illet)ouill (grenouille)ueill (cueillir)uill (juillet) And LL is pronounced like a Y in words such as fille, la Bastille, Millau, and chantilly. However, there  are also many words in which the double L is pronounced like an L (follow links to hear the words pronounced). This is the complete list: un bacille  - germ, bacillusbillevesà ©es - nonsenseun billion - trillioncapillaire - capillaryun codicille - codicildistiller - to distillune fibrille - small fiber (fibrillaire, fibrillation)*un krill - krillLille - town in northern Francelilliputien - Liliputianmille - thousand (un millà ©nium, millier, etc.)un mille - mile (le millage)milli- (prefix)un milliard - billion (un milliardaire, le milliardià ¨me, etc.)un million - million (un millionaire, le millionià ¨me, etc.)osciller - to oscillate, swingun/e pupille* - ward of the stateune pupille* - pupilune scille - scillaune spongille - spongillatranquille - calm, tranquilun verticille - verticilun vexille - vexillumune ville - town (une villa, un village, etc.)une zorille - zorilla The (parentheses) indicate derivations which are also pronounced like an L. *These words may be pronounced either way.

Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Memo - Essay Example I've prepared an analysis about the use of vulnerability assessment systems and intrusion detection systems in your company, just like you asked me. You specifically asked whether the use of both systems will be a waste of resources and a duplication of efforts. My analysis suggests that VAS and IDS have separate internal functions for the security of the computer systems and both must be a part of a computer system for complete security control. Vulnerability assessment systems are those security scanning tools that assess level of threat that can penetrate a system. The main job of such tools is to scan networks, servers, firewalls, routers, and applications and report system vulnerabilities. "Generally, the tools can detect known security flaws or bugs in software and hardware, determine if the systems are susceptible to known attacks and exploits, and search for system vulnerabilities such as settings contrary to established security policies". (Becker, 1999) New threats are discovered each day thus the vulnerability assessment tools must be updated regularly. Any new weaknesses such as security flaws and bugs would need to be patched in the system so that no holes left for malwares, viruses, spywares etc. to infect the system. Another feature of a vulnerability assessment system is that it generates reports which can tell a user what and where weaknesses exist and how to fix them. (Becker, 1999) Intrusion Detection Systems Vulnerability assessment is the first step in securing the system from threats by taking appropriate security precautions and patch-ups. However, new threats are raised everyday and some might pass through the vulnerability precautions. Therefore the next logical step is to "monitor the system for intrusions and unusual activities". Intrusion detection systems automatically raise the alarm in case of a security breach and inform the Computer Incident Respond Team for their help. "By analyzing the information generated by the systems being guarded, IDSs help determine if necessary safeguards are in place and are protecting the system as intended". Important to note here is that IDS don't protect the system, they just pinpoint the location of the attack and collect the information related to the attack and the attacker. (Becker, 1999) IDS tools are used by the CIRT to generate both technical and management reports since it provide background information on the type of attack and the attacker. IDS can also give recommendations to the management about the courses of action to take to seal the breach. (Becker, 1999) Example The difference can easily be understood by the following example. Vulnerability assessment just checks how susceptible a person is to catching a cold in winters. The vulnerabilities that the system can find is that not enough warm clothes are worn and heater is not being used. The intrusion detection system checks that cold air in hitting the person directly which may be harmful, and the point of intrusion was the chest of the person. So a person gets the information from the vulnerability system that he needs to have a heater and wear warm clothes and from the intrusion

Leisure and Recreation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leisure and Recreation - Essay Example Also what new ideas you would bring to that particular sports program.   Worth 25 points   b) Is there one thing that you’ve learned this quarter that has changed your mind about recreation? What is it? How did it change your perception of recreation? Explain in a minimum of 350 words. Give a strong defense of your point of view. Tell me and your classmates why you feel strongly about your position.   Worth 25 points   Answer these 3 Questions on Leisure and Recreation   (Question #1)   What are the benefits of leisure to you? Explain?   (Question #2)   In your personal life, do you leave enough time for leisure and recreation. If so, what do you like to do? Explain.   (Question #3)   What trends do you see in the future for leisure and recreation?   Without a doubt, instructional sports are vital to the development of any organization. Instructional sports incorporate discipline, organization, and vital teamwork that is necessary in to thrive in real-lif e. It influences individuals to focus and train on a consistent basis and enjoy the competitive nature of it. In addition, instructional sports are pivotal it enables children to grasp rules and tactics that are associated with sports. It develops knowledge and skill that are undoubtedly crucial if an individual wants to pursue particular sport as their profession. One key element that is vital in instructional sports that is not found in any other recreation is the fact that it builds leadership and collaboration. These leadership skills are vital as they cultivate an aura of experience that most children lack in their life. With experience, individuals can portray their willingness to perform and excel in sports. However, the challenge in recreation sports is to seek instructors and tutors who truly understand the game and know how to mentor individuals. Without proper mentoring, individuals will not be able to taste the true essence of instructional sports. These dynamic skills e nable individuals to mature and embed these crucial skills in real life. Hence, instructional sports are critical since they are a foundation of forming discipline, organization, and collaboration. In order to enhance instructional sports, I would bring professional athletes to mentor these kids. I truly believe that these athletes possess experience and instincts that can be truly valuable to this program. In addition, I would give incentives for students if they achieve certain milestones. For instance, if they are playing competitive football, merits would be based on goals achieved in their position. Moreover, I would try to attach the socialization agent with instructional sports. Instructional sports require team dynamics. Thus, allowing peers to collaborate with each other in a social environment can truly add a new aspect to instructional sports. Lastly, I would add technology to instructional sports, visual game simulation to mimic real life situations in a technical settin g. My perception of recreation has changed in many ways. First and foremost is the fact that recreation sports do allow individuals to experience their passion for sports and compete at a decent lever. Many individuals dream of competing at a professional stage. Unfortunately, they might not possess the talent to play in the professional standard, but they can portray the love of the game through intramural sports. Individuals who have other priorities can truly indulge in recreational sports without feeling the pressure of succeeding.

Spanish and Chinese Civil Wars

Spanish and Chinese Civil Wars Both China and Spain are salient examples of the turbulence that afflicted nations in the twentieth century who swooped from imperial to democratic regimes amidst a tide of protracted ideological struggles. Many of the causes of both civil wars stemmed from economically backward markets, pendulums of power and widespread social discontent, problems that were exacerbated by external influences and involvement. The collapse of Chinas Manchu dynasty and the abolition of Spains Monarchy lead to political vacuums filled by revolutionaries and reformers with little sense of a unified China or Spain. What ensued were two vicous civil wars. Despite these similarities, subtle differences in culture expound the very different outcomes of these civil wars The deep Nationalism displayed by the Chinese at the turn of the 20th Century that lead to the extensive xenophobia and formation of two conflicting revolutionary movements can be seen as a major cause in the Chinese Civil War. For centuries, the somewhat egocentric Chinese nature based in Confucian values created a precious, self-sufficient and culturally rich nation. However, this immemorial concept of superiority was brutally damaged following the Opium Wars with Britain in 1839 and 1842, questioning the unchallenged notion of Chinese supremacy. By 1890, Britains military foothold resulted in the diplomatic creation of over fifty foreign enclaves and the establishment of concession areas within major cities. Chinas ancient imperial political system was feeble in the face of Western governments and failed to generate valuable resistance, humiliating and degrading the Chinese people thus forming the foundations of the revolutionary movements that would lead China into Civil War. An early example of this can be seen in the anti-foreign devil movement of 1900, known as the Boxer Rebellion. Although proving unsuccessful, the rising revealed the incompetence of the imperial authorities and contributed to the Manchu governments failures to recognise the discontent amongst its people. In October 1911 the insurrection came to a head, and the Manchu dynasty abdicated, the last Emperor, Pu-Yi, was banished to the Forbidden City and a new Republic was formed. Similarly, in Spain, the push for democracy was at the centre of political instability and is consequently a cause of the Spanish Civil War. As a constitutional monarchy, Spain at the turn of the century was facing a catastrophic decline in national pride due to colonial losses in Central and South America and a dwindling economic situation. The brutal theory of Hispanidad proclaimed Spain the centre of World history and the Army saw its role move away from defending against external enemies and move towards redeeming Spain from the increasingly popular Bolsheviks, liberals and atheists that threatened the popular fascist values of Accion Espanola. This heightened political dissatisfaction resulted in the bloodless coup of 1923, in which King Alfonso XIII appointed Primo de Riviera the leader of the First Republic. Rivieras rule was for the most part unsuccessful and reliant on heavy borrowing; he ignored the dire need for social reforms in order to combat Spains unemployment issues. A similar situation ensued within China where the new republican leader Sun Yatsen struggled to hold power over the reactionary and corrupting General Yuan Shikai who, despite having promise stability to China, solved few basic economic or political problems. Although these long term causes alone were insufficient to cause civil war, it can be seen that in both Spain and China the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty and the abdication of King Alfonso XII created not solely ineffective and undemocratic republics but power vacuums amidst rampant, deep-rooted nationalism and pride. Economically and socially backward, Spain was an agric nation. Compared to neighbouring European countries, there had been little industrial development in Spain during the 19th Century. The semi-feudal land system that dominated the South created a divisive wealth gap between affluent Landowners and deprived landless peasants. In other Northern regions the few industrially developed areas like Asturias and Catalonia had successfully developed textile and coal factories. The exploitation in rural and industrial areas led to the growth of radical political persuasions. Anarchism and socialism prospered as demands for worker control of factories flourished. Furthermore, the Republics failures to adequately tackle the damage inflicted on Spain as a result of the 1929 Wall Street Crash created a reputation that democracy and economic hardship where synonymous. Hence the result of Spains extensive poverty was a loss of faith in the Republic and a turn by the masses towards radical politic s and extremist groups. Likewise, Chinas economic and social grievances were largely based in rural poverty. Despite its abundant natural resources; coal, oil and ore, ninety percent of the population were peasants. A lack of modern manufacturing resulted in a constant need for imports, high inflation and dwindling food supplies. The fragmented, de facto government that followed the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916, comprised of regional military leaders or warlords. It was these locally powerful individuals who exploited and terrorised the country, a step away from any sense of national cohesion. To exacerbate their unpopularity the Bejiing government and warlords frequently negotiated with foreign powers over land and exports. It could be argued that the 4th May movement in 1919 as much a reaction against foreign exploitation an the unfavourable Versailles agreements as a reaction against the powerful and betraying warlords. This disunity and poverty intensified the resentment of Chinese nationalists, providi ng further direction and focus to revolutionary movements like the GMD and CCP, who were primarily inspired by a hatred of warlordism. It was the affronts to national pride committed by warlords and foreign devils that presented the Chinese people with a collective sense of injustice. So, it can be noted that in both China and Spain the economic turbulence was a key factor in the formation of reactionary political groups. Slow industrialisation in both countries created inequality and a lack of trust in their respective political systems. Author and historian Jung Chang recounts her fathers reasons for joining the communist party in Wild Swans as a result of, widespread fighting amongst warlords, who all levied heavy taxes combined with the effects of the Great depression and Maos policy of Chinese must not fight Chinese appealed to his sense of nationalism as well as offering equality and change. In China, political instability largely sprouted from 19th Century disaffection with the imperial rule. Challenges to this authoritarian ruling can be noted in the Boxer Rebellion and then in the 1911 revolution. However, such an ancient and customary hierarchy was an intrinsic Chinese value, devotion and reverence towards authority dominated culture. This strict social discipline and veneration of conformity might suggest that the Chinese never really sought democracy, the totalitarian regimes that followed their revolution illustrate the continuation of hereditary traditions. This forced and manufactured form of revolution then underpinned the succession of weak governments that lead China into civil war. The rules of Yuan Shikai and Sun Yatsen, never adequately filled the power vacuum left following the removal of Emperor Pu-Yi. Their weak ideologies and failed reforms lead to the violent and destructive warlord era that lasted from 1916 until 1927. It was the brutality of this regime that fuelled future leaders like Mao into the belief that, Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. For this reason, the warlord era advanced the Chinese Revolution through the disunity and fragmentation it created but also through the vicious extremist ideologies it ignited. Despite the formation of the United Front between the GMD and CCP in order to combat the warlords retarding the approach of civil war, this alliance broke down by 1927 when the GMD purged the CCP. Chiang Kai-sheks White Terror in 1927 demonstrated the temporary nature of the United Front and stresses the deep resentment between opposing ideologies. Furthermore, Chiangs resistance to defend Manchuria against Japan and vario us foreign encroachments instead focusing on the annihilation of the Communists disillusioned many, Jung Changs father included, she writes, the communist slogan Chinese must not fight Chineseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and the Communist stance about fighting the Japanese and about creating a just society fired [my fathers] imagination and he joined the party in 1938. Consequently, Chiang was deeply unpopular, increased political polarisation ensued, feuds and purges accelerated the existing factors that stemmed from imperialism. Spain too endured unstable political leadership as well as deep internal divisions, however, without the Chinese threat of invasion and foreign infringement a swinging pendulum of governments developed. Radical reforms were introduced, removed and then reintroduced with each election. Chaos erupted. The first, Left Republic of 1931 introduced a series of highly contentious laws; Catalonia was granted a degree of autonomy following secession campaigns, there was nationalisation of the land and most controversially, the Church was entirely separated from the state. Church bell ringing was banned, Catholic Schools closed and Church land redistributed. The traditional and conservative core of Spain were enraged, the Church became a martyr with which the landowners and Right united to form CEDA. Even the Left was aggravated by the reforms that they felt lacked depth and passion, as a result, the Socialists withdrew support and the Left suffered electoral defeat in 1933. The triumphant Rig ht Wing Republic then instigated what became known by the Left as the bienos negros, two years where all reforms were reversed, socialism and anarchism repressed. Declarations of Communism in the Asturias region in 1934 were brutally suppressed by General Francos forces, three-thousand were killed. The Left, fearing a Right wing dictatorship then formed the Popular Front. In 1936, there was a pendulum swing back to a Popular Front led government. Peasants began seizing land they felt was now theirs, the Falange and Church launched uprisings and revolts against the left. From February to July of 1936 there were three-hundred political killings. The revenge killing of Sotello was manipulated by the Right to justify a brutal and extreme coup, the start of Civil War. The result of such a turbulent and ever-changing political landscape was division, division within the already divided factions. The Left Bloc governments angered their support because of the diverse ideologies between grou ps, the Right too comprised of various groups with wildly differing objectives. Thus every government failed to appease each individual assemblage. Elwood suggests it was this lack of consensus over anything that caused disillusionment with democratic politics and brutal caciquismo political polarisation of which only violence could conquer. Infamously, Carr branded the Spanish Civil War a European civil war fought on Spanish territory. A proxy war for the amplified political tensions of Europe post-WWI, the first major battle between Fascism and Communism. Equally, the Chinese Civil War was caused by ideological conflicts between incompatible parties. The GMD a nationalist yet democratic party following the three principles of the people deeply contested the CPP philosophy, based in the signification of Marxism, Mao Zedong believed Chinas revolution should be peasant-led. These conflicting values produced a series of conflicts culminating in two civil wars that straddled WWII. Chiangs abhorrence of the CCP resulted in his White Terror Campaign in 1927 where the GMD turned savagely on the allied CCP, purging 5000 known communists and sympathisers in Shaghai alone. GMD troops pursued the CCP into Jiangxsi where, for seven years, and through five encirclements campaigns the remnants of the CCP fought against persistent Nat ionalist assaults. These intractable problems forced the CCP into a march of martyrdom know as the Long March, engraining an impassioned need for justice into their plight. In Spain, however divisions spread further and more intricately. In George Orwells Homage to Catalonia, he describes the internecine that blighted both the Left and Right as, hatred between those nominally on the same side, especially Stalinists and Trotskyists. Significantly on the Left, divisions between Anarchist, Socialist, Marxist and Trade Unionist factions led to disunity and disagreement. The entrenchment of these differences meant that no democratic process could focus the varying priorities. Moreover, the colossal polarisation and radicalisation of politics between Left and Right directly opposed the Republic, the basis for a vicious and unrelenting war. Whereas, in China the extremity of fascism was not present, and although equally as divided as Spain, internal division was minimal and insignificant. In China, there was a common aim; a strong independent nation and so, although the ideological differences provided basis for civil war, the tensions were not significant the mselves to cause war.

The Greek Column :: Architecture Architectural Essays History

The Greek Column A French champagne cognac with a Centaur trademark, called Remy Martin, is featured in several magazine advertisements resting on a column in various positions. The one being analyzed in this article shows the bottle of Remy Martin and a pair of glasses placed on top of a column so tall that it reaches above the clouds. It invites the viewer: "Want to come up for a drink sometime?" At the bottom right corner, the Centaur logo is repeated, along with a short description of its origin and a complimentary video offer. Found in the October issue of Vanity Fair, it targets adult women readers who, perhaps, want a fashion enlightenment. Both the column and the slab on top of it appear to be made out of concrete, covered with plaster, whitewashed, and then it was given a chipping effect. Its purpose is to support the bottle of Remy Martin and the glasses for someone who can reach high enough for a drink. The use of the column in ancient architectures, however, do not include exhibiting a beverage. From the remarkable Roman Pantheon, dated from the second century B.C., to the Chartres Cathedral in France, which began construction in the mid-twelfth century A.D., the column is widely used according to different tastes and architectural purposes. It is a Greek creation emerged from the Archaic period between 6oo-480 B.C., during which the two elevation designs from Greek temples, called the Ionic and Doric orders, came into form. The Corinthian order is the third classical Greek architectural order originally used in interiors, which began to appear around 450 B.C. The Greeks used columns in architectures including the Parthenon, the Tholos and the mausoleums, sometimes in pairs and sometimes in colonnades. All three orders, occasionally with various different modifications, were adapted by other civilizations such as the Romans and the Etruscans. They were erected in temples, Cathedrals, Forums, on city streets or even in residents as a supporting device for arches, entablatures , ceilings or roofs. They are also incorporated in reliefs for tombs and cathedrals and expressed in Roman wall paintings. For example, the bedroom walls in the House of Publius Fannius in Boscoreale were decorated with images of columns in fantastic Roman cityscapes. (Stokstad, p.162-213, 223-283, 553-556.) The column used in the Remy Martin advertisement does not clearly belong to any classical Greek order or its later variants. However, it resembles a down-sized column of the Doric Order because of its recognizable Doric-like capital, though its components are only representative.

Leadership in The Great Debaters Essay

The Great Debaters, directed by Denzel Washington, is an inspirational movie about a specific debate team overcoming racism in the segregated South. It is based off of the debate team of Wiley College, a small religious black school in East Texas, during the Great Depression in the 1930s. Under the guidance of their coach Melvin Tolson, the team kept prevailing week after week against every single opponent. They started competing with other black schools but eventually worked their way to triumph over prestigious white schools as well. Their most significant win was against the all-white Ivy League team, Harvard. With the team’s encouraging story, this movie not only inspired people to make a change, but also presented how even students can make the world of difference. Although their actions made a big difference in fighting for what they believe, the students expressing their opinions by how they would present themselves is what eventually won over the crowd in the final victory. The leadership theme portrays greatly all throughout the movie by using body language, noble examples of mentoring, and finally a student becomes a leader himself. In the movie, the students’ body language itself truly shows a form of leadership that is unexplainable. Throughout all of the debates, one could see their passion in their eyes. For example, during the first dispute against a white team Samantha debates that it is possible for blacks to get a degree at a white college. The main part of her debate that wins over the audience is how emotional she gets about the subject. It also shows her confidence and deep passion in what she believes. Another moment that someone steps up to the plate in a leadership role is when Farmer’s dad comes to the sheriff office to help bail Tolson out of jail. Earlier in the movie we see Farmer Senior let the pig farmers walk all over him. These cruel individuals make him pay for the pig he hit, but not only that they throw the money on the ground and make him pick it up. Farmer sits in the car in awe because he cannot believe what is happening. Therefore, at the station Farmer is beyond proud of his dad for finally standing up for what he knows is right. Farmer Senior stands up calmly to the sheriff and the confidence in his posture is what won the battle. Also, during this scenario the entire debate team comes to jail to support their professor. Showing  their encouragement with poise and certainty, the team does not have to say anything because everything that needs to be said someone could see from their body language. From the start this was not just a team, but also a group of people that have come together like a family. Therefore, the movie does show how what one says could have a huge impact, but also if one should go beneath the words he or she could discover much more. Not only does the leadership portray through ones body language, but also, through mentoring and even one of the students, Lowe becomes a mentor himself. Having a mentor could strongly aid someone to succeed. Professor Melvin Tolson, their debate coach, revolutionizes the small college with his big ideas and unshakable hope for justice. Taking these young souls under his wings, Tolson taught them how to break the chains of inequality and ignorance with the words they spoke and how they spoke them on the debating stage. A strong example is how Tolson takes Lowe under his wing. From the beginning Lowe has been a troublemaker. We first meet him when he is drunk at a bar; not only is he drunk, but also starts a fight with another man for getting intimate with his wife. During the entire movie Lowe handles all of their hardships in the worst ways he could. Even though he is not the most responsible when it comes to dealing with difficulty, the professor sees something in him and makes him the team’s leader when they go to Harvard. Having to stay up all night preparing for the debate, Farmer and Lowe could not agree on anything so Lowe runs out. When he comes back though, the audience can see a different side of him. He gets so emotional in the hotel room and acknowledges how much negative happenings have affected him. Being the strongest debater, he steps down and tells Farmer that he will debate instead. This is such a huge part in the movie because it shows that struggle is such an enormous part of values. Lowe finally understands that anyone with a voice and is passionate about what they believe in can express their opinion on stage; it did not have to it the best debater. He puts Farmer in the position to flourish and he does succeed because he takes the audience to a true-life story of the lynching. In the end, Lowe has become a mentor himself. The leadership themes throughout the movie show that it takes struggle in  order to realize ones values, look beneath someone’s words to find leadership, and mentoring can be a huge part of guidance. When the team had to go through hardships it eventually made them stronger and realize what they really wanted to fight for. Also, it is not always about what someone does that makes him or her a leader, but how he or she does it. When one of the debaters took stage what usually won over the audience is how they presented themselves. Finally, the mentorship by Melvin Tolson is a main factor of the debate team’s success. His leadership is eventually passed down to Henry Lowe which helps the team come to a final victory against the Ivy-League school, Harvard. This movie is such an inspiration and portrays leadership unlike many other movies.

Essay on The Pros and Cons of Marketing - 939 Words

Finding the Good and the Bad in Marketing In these two real world marketing examples, I have chosen Nepal Thai Food Products (P) Ltd., the manufacturer of Wai Wai instant noodles, as a company that is doing a very good job at marketing. This company is marketing its Wai Wai brand of instant noodles in Nepal from 1985. Another company that I have chosen as a bad example at marketing is Hansophone Electric Electronics. This company is marketing Hansophone brand of EPABX systems in Nepal. While choosing these companies as a good and as a bad example at marketing, the following points that are visible to the observers of the companies marketing activities are taken into consideration.  · Environmental scanning which provides†¦show more content†¦The difference between Wai Wai and other brands was that Wai Wai could be served like other brands as well as it could be eaten without any preparation. It was ready to eat right after opening the packet. Another difference was the seasonings. While the Wai Wai had three different seasonings- taste enhancer, onion flavored oil and chilly powder, the other two brand had only one seasoning -- the tastemaker. Before the production of Wai Wai in Nepal, these kinds of noodles were imported mostly from Hong Kong and Thailand. These imported brands were available in limited stores of Kathmandu and only a few consumers were aware of these products. Environmental Scanning for instant noodles market From the marketing activities of Wai Wai it seems to me that environmental scanning had been done carefully for this product before its launching into the Nepalese market and it is being done regularly after its launching. If we look back to the period from 1980 to 1985, we can clearly see that Wai Wai marketing team had clearly visualized the following environmental forces driving it to launch the product. 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